Molecular Basis Of Biology And Biotechnology - 4394 Words

MOLECULAR BASIS OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS FOLLOWING CCL4-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR DAMAGE IN MICE ELIAKIM MBAKA (MSc.) I84/29467/2014 DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY A proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Biotechnology) in the School of Pure And Applied Sciences of Kenyatta University May 2015 Declaration This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university Name: Eliakim Mbaka Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I84/29467/2014 SUPERVISORS: This proposal has been submitted for review with our approval as supervisors Dr. Mathew Piero Ngugi Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Dr. David N Mburu Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Dr. Richard Oduor Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Contents Declaration ii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS v ABSTRACT vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of information 1 1.2 Problem statement 4 1.3 Justification 5 1.4 Hypothesis 6 1.5 Objectives 6 1.6 Significance 7 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 Overview of liver functions 8 2.2 Hepatotoxicity 8 2.3 Conventional and TraditionalShow MoreRelatedHuman Genetics And Molecular Mechanisms1657 Words   |  7 Pagesmy interest in biological sciences. To learn more about human genetics and molecular mechanisms involved in the various genetic disorders, I decided to pursue a comprehensive undergraduate course at Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, (Raipur, India). My undergraduate studies gave me an opportunity to learn a wide variety of concepts in human genetics along with chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology. 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Reflection Paper About Literacy - 1154 Words

The preschool I went to hosted a play called The Little Red Hen. Somehow, the teachers casted me as the Little Red Hen, and I vividly remember sitting at the kitchen table with my grandmother going over my lines. Being only five at the time, receiving the lead role was a huge achievement, and even though it seemed like such an important part of my life, I only remember one segment of a line: â€Å"...cut the wheat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although preschool built the foundation of my road to literacy, to reach the reader and writer I am today I had to work hard throughout my academic career, mainly in elementary, middle, and high school. After preschool, elementary school seemed like a six year old’s paradise, but that dream quickly crumbled as I learned that†¦show more content†¦Each grade level would compete in reading the most pages. Each person, after reading a book, would fill out a slip of paper saying what they read and how many pages it was. 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Pornification in fashion Essay Example For Students

Pornification in fashion Essay Chapter 1: Introduction Undertaking Background â€Å"Sex, drugs and stone ’n roll† is the phrase that has mesmerized many people for the past decennaries. This phrase has been morphed and reconstructed in modern times as Sexual activity, nakedness and manner ( Dykes, 2012 ) . It’s ever been known that Fashion and nakedness goes hand-in-hand in the Fashion industry. This is apparent in manner shows, magazines, films, music pictures and advertizements. The arrant deficiency of vesture in the publicity of manner in advertizement in modern times is overpowering. Pornification as stated by Oxford lexicon is â€Å"The increasing happening and credence of sexual subjects and expressed imagination in popular or mainstream, civilization ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† It is going more and more apparent that manner pornification is accepted in society. Explicit manner imagination is seeable in different media signifiers such as telecasting, series, magazines and even in media conversations. 1.1.1The Beginning of Pornification The male parent of pornified manner picture taking was Helmut Newton. â€Å"Probably the most imitated ( and controversial ) manner lensman of his clip ( Unknown, Voguepedia, 1989 ) † . Newton was a sensational lensman for Vogue magazine that embraced the sensualness of the female organic structure and the fact that adult females are taking back their organic structures. His manner of picture taking earned him the moniker â€Å"King of Kink† . His method portraying adult females in the manner they wanted to and non how they are told to make it. Power dressing is a dominant beginning of inspiration, seen in his work seen in figure 1. Figure 1. Newton, H. 1975. Le Smoking.Yves Saint Laurent. Vogue Magazine French. Website: AnOther hypertext transfer protocol: //www.anothermag.com/current/view/1869/Helmut_Newtons_Le_Smokin g Guy Bourdin followed in the footfalls of Helmut Newton in the pornification of manner advertizements. â€Å"Guy Bourdin’s shoots for Vogue between 1955 and 1987 were complete game-changers for the universe of manner picture taking. Prior to his reaching on the circuit, magazines were saturated with imagination that marginalized adult females and associated them preponderantly with home-making and their womb-to-tomb pursuit to happen a adult male. Bourdin’s imagination brought a richer narration to the manner universe, taking vesture and turning it into costumes within surrealist set-pieces, efficaciously doing apparels about escape and standing apart from the crowd, non merely suiting in ( Cartwright, J. 2011 ) .† Puting the gait for the drastic alteration of how pornification was perceived. One of his celebrated shootings was of Madonna in sexual state of affairss to advance her music picture and record releases. His pornification method was utilizing sexual ins inuations in different scenarios. An illustration of his work can be seen on figure 2. Figure 2. Bourdin, G. ( n.d. ) .Models eating Choucroute.Choucrouter. Website: FurInsider hypertext transfer protocol: //www.furinsider.com/guy-bourdin-french-fashion-photographer/ The line between manner picture taking and erotica started to vaporize when well-known amusement personalities started hiting with lensmans like of Terry Richardson. Richardson made pornification of adult females in magazine a tendency A craze. The usage of famous persons has led many adult females who are exposed to his work to want what media and magazines portrayed. This type of use has led to the credence of the complete sexualisation of manner advertizement. â€Å"There are several reiterating subjects in Richardson s work, notably that of seting high-profile famous persons in everyday state of affairss and snaping them utilizing traditionally prosaic methods, such as the usage of an instant camera. His work besides explores thoughts of gender, with many of the pieces featured in his booksKiboshandTerryworldpicturing full-frontal nakedness and both fake and existent sexual Acts of the Apostless ( Holson, 2012 ) .† Figure 3. Richardson, T. 2007.Sisley Palm Springs. Sisley. Website: Iconolo.gy hypertext transfer protocol: //iconolo.gy/archive/sisley-palm-spring-terry-richardson/531 Unfortunately many of Richardson exposure that were intended for the manner market are available on porn web site and shops which enforces the statement that his work are associated pornography more than manner. It is clear that he has pornified manner shoots to such an extent that some of his work have to be banned from any manner magazine and some have already been. Some of these exposures have been labelled as exposure that promote colza or force towards women- Seen in Figure 3. This portraiture shows one of the negative facets that associated with the pornification of manner advertizements and the impacts that it can hold on society. â€Å"More consciousness demands to be brought to visible radiation that Terry Richardson is negatively influencing media with his supposed feat A ; maltreatment of certain theoretical accounts, mainstream degrading adult imagination, and inappropriate and unprofessional behavior. His part to society has a bad impact as he is being exposed to the m ultitudes with the feeling of being good received while there are potentially unethical patterns non being shown ( Louise, A. Unknown ) .† The Glass Menagerie Persuasive EssayThe research is limited to merely concentrating on immature professional adult females that fall in the age group on 18 to 35. These adult females attitude toward manner is that it is an of import portion of who they are and are manner scruples. The sizes of these adult females play a large function in the research because it changes the position of the adult females on manner advertizement – the size is limited to the mean adult females which is size 32 and bigger. This is decided based on the fact that different size adult females perceive manner advertizements in different ways. 1.6.Design Scope, restrictions and restraints Design a scope that consists of garment pieces that is usually associated with pornified manner advertizements but in a manner that it can be seen as authorization and so make a manner shoot that illustrates the statement even more. The scope is aimed to act upon adult females to experience sceptered and non objectified. 1.6.1. Design Brief: Get downing out in the corporate universe can be nerve razing and nerve-racking but with the right tools success is merely one frock away- Fashion is about making yourself and giving person the ability to take the hazards that’s needed to success. This scope is specified to assist immature female professionals in happening the right garments that are professional, appealing, and mature but age appropriate. 1.6.2.Design Outcomes, Timeline and deliverables: With this undertaking the research worker will implement that the overly sexualisation of manner ( in design and advertizement ) can be avoided and still portray the immature adult females as sceptered and attractive. The primary inspiration is excessively sexualized manner advertizements and the facets that make an empowering manner advert an over-sexualized advert- Concentrating on the exposed countries and the utmost nakedness as the elaborate countries of the designs. Practical constituents that will lend to the concluding result are five over-sexualized images that are used in both international and local manner magazines these images range from garment advertizements to manner columns. The timeline for this concluding undertaking runs over a clip period of 12 hebdomads. 4 hebdomads are aimed at working on the design facets of the brief and so the other 8 hebdomads for the practical application of the building of garments. 1.7.Definition of footings Adolescents:â€Å" ( Of a immature individual ) in the procedure of developing from a kid into an grownup ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† Controversy:â€Å"Prolonged public dissension or heated treatment ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† Durable:â€Å"Able to defy wear, force per unit area, or harm ; hard-wearing ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† Fetishisation:â€Å" Make ( something ) the object of a sexual fetish ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† Authorization:â€Å"To invest with power, and giving assurance ( CollinEnglishDictionary, 2013 ) .† Objectified:â€Å"Degrade to the position of a mere object ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† In the research paper objectification refers to the objectification of adult females through manner advertizements in manner magazines. Palpable:â€Å"Plain to see or grok ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† Pornification:â€Å"The sensed permeation of society in general or an facet of it by the imagination, linguistic communication, and attitudes associated with erotica ( CollinEnglishDictionary, 2013 ) .† In the research paper this refers to the manner in which a state of affairs is change to be sexual by adding over sexualised elements. Power-dressing:â€Å" ( Clothing A ; Fashion ) A manner of dressing in badly trim suits, adopted by some adult females executives to project an image of efficiency ( CollinEnglishDictionary, 2013 ) .† Quantitative: â€Å"Relating to measurement by the measure of something instead than its quality ( Oxford University Press, 2014 ) .† In the research papers this is the step used for the informations aggregation. Satin:â€Å"A smooth fabric, as of silk or rayon, woven with a calendered face and a dull dorsum ( OxfordDictionary, 2009 ) .† Sexualisation:â€Å"To make sexual in character or quality ( CollinEnglishDictionary, 2009 ) .† Silk:â€Å"A all right bright fiber composed chiefly of fibroin and produced by certain insect larvae to organize cocoons, particularly the strong, elastic, hempen secernment of silkworms used to do yarn and cloth ( OxfordDictionary, 2009 ) .† Young professionals:For the intent of this research paper immature professionals refers to working adult females ages 21 to 35.

Relevance of Skills in Services

Introduction In the contemporary business environment, it is vital for people to possess skills that would enable them perform their activities efficiently. Academic knowledge may help in gaining some of these skills. However, some skills are outside the realm of academia (Rao, Tang Wang, 2002, p. 15).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance of Skills in Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When organisations are conducting interviews for prospective employees, they usually determine whether the candidates possess skills that would enable them perform their work efficiently. Technical jobs require people to possess various professional skills to perform their work effectively (Rao, Tang Wang, 2002, p. 16). The service industry requires people to possess a different set of skills to work effectively. However, certain skills are necessary for people to perform their work in different industries. Determinin g the set of skills that are necessary in performing various services is a complex undertaking. Most managers make several assumptions when determining the skills that their employees should possess (Gruqulis, Warhurst Keep, 2004, p. 1). Social skills enable service workers to provide their services efficiently. Social skills involve emotional labour. Service workers have to make various complex decisions that determine the efficiency of their services. Making the wrong decisions may reduce the efficiency of their services. Therefore, skills have meaning in services. Relevance of Skills in the Service Industry Service work refers to work that involves continuous interaction with clients. Therefore, service work has a tangible and intangible element (Jones Taylor, 2007, p. 40). Information processing is one of the major tangible elements of service work (Jones Taylor, 2007, p. 39). On the other hand, the interaction with clients is one of the major intangible elements of service w ork (Mithas Whitaker, 2007 p. 238). Service based organisations usually compete using both the tangible and intangible element. Managers and policy makers usually use a certain set of skills to determine people who should fill various vacant positions. Determining the right set of skills that an individual should possess is a complex undertaking (Mithas Whitaker, 2007 p. 239). Job complexity and task discretion are the major factors that determine the set of skills that employees of service-based organisations should possess.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Job Complexity The tangible elements of a job determine its complexity. Customisation is one of the major aspects of service work. It helps in improving the quality of service that organisations offer their clients Organisations usually engage in mass customisation of data. Mass customisation may increase the complexity of the work. Usually, employees in service-based organisations concentrate on assimilating the information. In so doing, they overlook the complex task of analysing the information. Analysing the information may provide insights that may help the service workers to improve their efficiency (Gruqulis Lloyd, 2010, p. 94). The intangible elements of a service-based work also determine the job complexity. The intangible elements refer to the emotional or aesthetic aspect of the job of service workers. Social skills are vital in improving the efficiency of work. However, various scholars argue that social skills are not real skills (Korczynski, 2005, p. 3). This is because social skills are simply personality traits of the individuals who perform the duties. Therefore, it is would be wrong to refer to them as ‘skills.’ These scholars argue that real skills are technical (Korczynski, 2005, p. 4). However, it is a fact that social skills are vital in performing various dutie s in service-based organisations. Social skills involve emotional labour. Emotional labour is a skilled form of labour (Korczynski, 2005, p. 5). This is because it requires employees to use various complex social skills. Most organisations value technical skills than social skills (Korczynski, 2005, p. 5). Employees who possess higher technical skills usually receive better remuneration packages (Korczynski, 2005, p. 5). On the other hand, most organisations offer lower wages to employees who use their social skills to perform their duties. It is a fact that emotional labour is skilled labour (Korczynski, 2005, p. 4). Service workers usually make various complex decisions that determine the efficiency of their activities. The service workers may use the body language and or tone of the customer to determine the most efficient emotional response (Balnave et al., 2007, p. 321). One of the major characteristics of service work is that women dominate it (Balnave et al., 2007, p. 322). M ost organisations have the perception that women are better suited to perform these duties due to the emotional labour that it requires. Therefore, labelling the complex social skills of service workers as inborn attributes of the women instead of skills may be gender discrimination (Bolton, 2004, p. 29).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relevance of Skills in Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People who perform skilled emotional labour usually receive less pay than their colleagues who perform various technical duties (Balnave et al., 2007, p. 321). Emotional labour usually attracts higher wages when it is necessary in performing various technical duties (Lindsay McQuaid, 2004, p. 310). Therefore, it is vital for organisations to appreciate the importance of service workers by offering them better pay. Task Discretion Task discretion determines the skills that service workers should employ. Bureaucratis ation, cost-minimisation, and customer-orientation are some of the major factors that determine the structure of service-based organisations (Korczynski, 2005, p. 6). These factors enable the organisations to appeal to their customers using both price and quality of their services. Organisations may have several rigid procedures that service workers should follow while performing their duties. This reduces the task discretion of these workers. One of the major benefits of this method is that it makes it easier for the organisation to supervise the employees (Korczynski, 2005, p. 6). However, increased bureaucracy reduces the quality of services that the organisation offers its customers (Korczynski, 2005, p. 7). On the other hand, organisations may allow service workers to alter various procedures. Empowering employees usually leads to a significant improvement in the quality of services that the organisation offers. Most contemporary organisations use this model (Korczynski, 2005, p. 7). These organisations increase the task discretion of service workers. This enables service workers to choose and apply the right emotional response, which the management would approve (Korczynski, 2005, p. 8). Increased task discretion necessitates the management to recruit employees who possess skills that would enable them perform their duties effectively. The attitude of the employees determines the decisions that they would make when they face various situations (Varca, 2004, p. 457). One of the major developments in contemporary business practices is the managerial control of the emotional displays of service workers. The emotional displays help in improving the competitiveness of the organisations (Kim, 2007, p. 152). Managerial control of emotional displays usually reduces the task discretion of the employees. This has a negative effect on the intangible aspect of the work of the service workers. Conclusion Skills that are necessary in the service sector have various im plications on the practices of organisations. They determine how organisations recruit their employees. Organisations require their employees to be emotionally intelligent.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the skills determine the training that the organisation should offer its employees (Lloyd Payne, 2009, p. 619). Most organisations in the hospitality industry strive to control the emotional displays of their employees. The importance of service workers necessitates organisations to offer them good wages. References Balnave, N, Brown, J, Maconachie, G Stone, R 2007, Employment relations in Australia, Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Bolton, S 2004, ‘Conceptual confusions: Emotion work as skilled work’, in C Warhurst (ed.), The skills that matter, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 19-37. Gruqulis, I, Warhurst, C Keep, E 2004, What’s happening to ‘skill’, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. Gruqulis, I Lloyd, C 2010, Skill and the labour process: The conditions and consequences of change, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Jones, T Taylor, SF 2007, ‘The conceptual domain of service loyalty: How many dimensions?’, Journal of S ervices Marketing, vol. 21 no. 1, pp. 36-51. 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Varca, PE 2004, ‘Service skills for service workers: Emotional intelligence and beyond’, Managing Quality Service, vol. 14 no. 6, pp. 457-467. This essay on Relevance of Skills in Services was written and submitted by user Harvey Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.